The Dream Act free essay sample

Indeed, â€Å"You can say I’m a visionary, however I’m not by any means the only one† (Lennon, 1971). The DREAM Act won't pardon a person for violating the law; it will give a minor who unconsciously overstepped the law on account of their folks with a chance to win U. S. citizenship, which will at last advantage our country’s economy, our national security and our country. History of the DREAM Act Before we can address the authoritative foundation and the general advantages this bill will have for the American individuals, I think it is essential to comprehend the conditions in which the DREAM Act was framed. Envision for a second, on the off chance that you or somebody near you experienced childhood in America, just communicated in English, got state funded training, commended the fourth of July consistently with loved ones and by all methods viewed yourself as a â€Å"American†. At that point abruptly around age 16 your folks break the news and reveal to you that you are not an American resident. You find that your folks went to the United States unlawfully when you were a youngster and you understand that by being in the U. S. unlawfully, you are presently overstepping the law too. By then you understand that you’re stuck between a stone and hard spot. In the event that you proceed with your training and graduate from High School and even school, more than likely you won’t have the option to get a new line of work that will use your instruction or pay you a good pay. In the event that you leave the U. S. , you’d be driven away from your loved ones and live in a nation where you don’t even ability to speak with others. On the off chance that you stay you’re compelled to carry on with your life prowling in the shadows while risking being discovered overstepping the law and getting ousted. Except if you experience passionate feelings for and wed another U. S. itizen there’s very little trust in you to pick up U. S. citizenship status. Envision carrying on with your life like this, being compelled to pay for your parent’s activities. Is this reasonable or just? The Requirements The DREAM Act was shaped for these very reasons. It will empower people like this with an opportunity to become someth ing incredible and help bolster our extraordinary country. A few people accept that the DREAM Act will furnish these people with pardon by passing out a free pass to U. S. citizenship. Notwithstanding, in all actuality the DREAM Act won't ensure U. S. citizenship. It will furnish a person with restrictive private status and permit them to assist their instruction as well as serve in the U. S. Military during a multi year trial period. Toward the finish of that multi year time frame an individual would then be able to get perpetual private status as long as they have either served two years in the U. S. Military without having gotten a disreputable release, earned a two or multi year advanced education or finished in any event two years of school toward a degree with great standing (Hoffman, 2010). The DREAM Act likewise has all around characterized prerequisites that must be met before an individual can be viewed as qualified under the bill. People more likely than not entered the U. S. at the point when they were younger than 16, have lived in the nation for 5 sequential years, moved on from a U. S. secondary school or acquired a GED, show great good character and pass a broad individual verification, which shows no record of captures and arraignment (Palacios, 2010). Administrative Background According to an ongoing article written in the Congressional Digest (2010), the DREAM Act was first presented in 1995 by Richard Durbin, a Law based Senator from Illinois. A comparative bill was likewise presented around a similar time by a Republican State Representative in Florida by the name of Lincoln Diaz-Balart. Despite the fact that Lincoln Diaz-Balart presented the bill as the â€Å"American Dream Act† the two bills were framed to claim an arrangement of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), which necessitated that offspring of undocumented settlers pay out of state educational cost while seeking after an advanced degree regardless of whether they lived in state. This arrangement has caused a barricade for a few undocumented understudies. It has kept them from encouraging their instruction and turning into a creative individual from the U. S. workforce that our nation so urgently needs so as to remain serious in our worldwide economy (Legislative Background on the DREAM Act, 2010). Since the bill was first drafted in 1995, there have been a few amendments and bids to congresses choice to keep the bill from going into law. The most recent form of the bill, S. 3992, was presented on November 30, 2010. Under this latest amendment, the contingent time frame was changed from six to ten years to help increase Republican help (Hoffman, 2010). The bill was introduced and passed by the U. S. Place of Representatives on December 9, 2010 (Barker, 2010). At that point it went before the Senate on December 18, 2010. The bill got fifty-five of the sixty required votes. A negligible five votes kept the bill from being marked into law by the President. The aftermath was a tremendous dissatisfaction for a few people including President Obama (Rodriguez, 2011). President Obama was so frustrated in reality that he carried national regard for this issue again on January 25, 2011 during his condition of the association address. In his own words he depicted his help as follows: Today, there are countless understudies exceeding expectations in our schools who are not American residents. Some are the kids ofundocumented laborers, who had nothing to do with the activities of their folks. They grew up as Americans and promise faithfulness to our banner, but they live each day with the danger of expelling. Others come here from abroad to concentrate in our schools and colleges. Be that as it may, when they get propelled degrees, we send them back home to go up against us. It has neither rhyme nor reason. Presently, I emphatically accept that we should take on, for the last time, the issue of illicit movement. What's more, I am set up to work with Republicans and Democrats to secure our fringes, implement our laws and address the a great many undocumented specialists who are currently living in the shadows. I realize that discussion will be troublesome. I realize it will require some investment. Yet, today around evening time, lets consent to put forth that attempt. Also, lets quit ousting capable, capable youngsters who could be staffing our examination labs or beginning another business, who could be further improving this country. (para. 4) Economic Benefits Now that we comprehend what the D. R. E. A. M Act can accomplish for elite individuals from the undocumented youth in this nation, let’s talk about what these people can accomplish for our nation. By permitting these splendid and skilled people to get an advanced degree or serve in the U. S. military as a pathway to gain citizenship, we will have made an extraordinary motivator for these people to satisfy their fullest potential. These Dreamers, as they have alluded to themselves as, will animate the economy in a few different ways. As indicated by a multi year study directed by Pew Hispanic Center the estimated number of secondary school graduates that are kept from advancing their instruction or serving in the U. S military because of their undocumented status is assessed at a shocking 65,000 every year. Notwithstanding this investigation, a progressively current examination was directed by the Migration Policy Institute that gauges in general; around 2. 1 million people could fit the bill for restrictive lawful status. In any case, just around 825,000 out of the 2. million would probably fulfill the entirety of the necessities plainly recorded in the proposed bill [ (Hoffman, 2010) ]. One way the Dreamers will improve the U. S. economy is by expanding available salary. They will be required to pay state and government annual duties, much the same as the each other legitimate occupant of the U. S. The measure of cash that is relied upon to create from this by itself is anticipated to cut the national shortage by $1. 4 billion and increment incomes by $2. 3 billion throughout the following ten years dependent on data gave by the non-factional Congressional Budget Office [ (Miranda, 2010) ]. Another way the Dreamers will improve the U. S. economy is by expanding our market quality in the worldwide economy. When the law is ordered, the U. S. is relied upon to have the most school graduates on the planet by 2020 [ (Locke, 2010) ]. We should take into consider the way that it was foreigners that went to the U. S. what's more, fired up huge enterprises, for example, Pfizer, DuPont, Google, Procter and Gamble and Intel, which utilize a huge number of Americans [ (Locke, 2010) ]. It’s difficult to envision where the U. S. would be today without organizations like these. Considerably harder to extend is the unlimited prospects the U. S. stands to get from the venture of these 65,000 undocumented youth for each year by permitting them to assist their training or serve in the military and arrive at their fullest potential. National Security Impacts notwithstanding the financial advantages, the DREAM Act will likewise profit our country’s national security by permitting the Dreamers to serve in the U. S. military. It will help bolster the Department of Defense’s 2010-2012 key arrangement through improving the non military personnel workforce for the military [ (Miranda, 2010) ]. Moreover, it will furnish the Department of Homeland Security with extra assets by permitting them to concentrate a greater amount of their time, vitality and cash on finding the undocumented people that are carrying out genuine wrongdoings that are a genuine danger in our networks [ (Miranda, 2010) ]. Contradicting Views because of not passing the DREAM Act, a few Americans may feel as if they have figured out how to keep illicit migrants from removing another activity from a U. S. resident. In any case, the majority of the employments that undocumented specialists get pay next to no that most Americans wouldn’t take them at any rate. Americans are probably going to collec

Scientific Classification Essays - Botanical Nomenclature

Logical Classification annon Order is gathering comparative things. It is something that you have done in your day by day life since you were a youngster. There are numerous various approaches to arrange creatures. There are oceanic and earthly creatures. Certain plants can be assembled as either trees or bushes as indicated by their outward appearance. Utilizing these techniques is valuable for a few purposes. By and large it is increasingly valuable to characterize living beings in understanding with their associations with each other. More to the point the frameworks examined today are the ones utilized all around and dependent on Carolus Linnaeus' unique work. Carolus Linnaeus is most likely the single most predominant player in efficient grouping. Conceived in 1707, he had a mind that was systematic to the extraordinary. Individuals sent him plants from everywhere the world, and he would devise an approach to relate them. At the time of thirty-two he was the creator of fourteen plant works. His two most well known were Genera Plantarum, building up a fake sexual framework, and Species Plantarum, a well known work where he named and arranged each plant known to him, and just because gave each plant a binomial. This binomial framework was a huge improvement over a portion of the old unmistakable names for plants utilized previously. Prior to Linnaeus, Catnip was known as: Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatis pedunculatis which is a brief depiction of the plant. Linnaeus named it Nepeta cataria- - cataria which means, relating to felines. The binomial classification isn't just more exact and normalized; it likewise relates plants together, in this way including much intrigue and data in the name. For example, Solanum relates the potato, the tomato and the Nightshade. Binomial Classification Early on in naming species taxonomists figured it out that there would need to be a widespread arrangement of terminology. Why? For model, it would appear to be much less confused to simply give an animal groups a vernacular name that is anything but difficult to articulate. How about we take a gander at the crackpot of the North American lakes for instance. In English it is known as the basic nut case in North America. Appears to be sufficiently basic, however in England it is known as the incredible northern jumper. In French it is plongeon imbrin, in France, and in Quebec le huart a collier. In Spanish it is called somorguajo comun, Islom in Swedish, and Eistaucher in German. So you perceive how much time and calling the species Gavia immer can spare disarray. Binomial order in its most straightforward structure is a method of naming an animal varieties by methods for two names both in Latin. (binomial terminology) It was first presented via Carolus Linnaeus. In Binomial arrangement the primary name, which starts with a capital letter is known as the Genus it is constantly promoted. The sort is a gathering of animal groups more firmly identified with each other than some other gathering of species. The family is more comprehensive than the species since it regularly contains numerous species. The second piece of the binomial speaks to the species itself and is constantly printed with all letters in lower case. A species is a gathering of people that are indistinguishable from multiple points of view. People are in similar species on the off chance that they are: 1. Can mate with those like themselves. 2. Produce youthful that are themselves ready to imitate. For instance, in the feline family, the class Panthera is combined with the species leo to shape Panthera leo, the Lion. In like manner, Panthera is coupled with tigris, to shape Panthera tigris the Tiger. In streamlined terns both the Lion and Tiger share basic attributes and a typical family - Panthera, while unmistakably staying separate species. Firmly related species are a family, firmly related genera (plural structure of variety) are gathered in a family. Firmly related families are gathered into a request, etc, into increasingly comprehensive classes, or levels in the order chain of importance. Ordered Hierarchy Approximately one and a half million animal types have been arranged and there are gauges that more than 5,000,000 species stay to be found. For scholars to arrange this mass of data, a logical framework called scientific categorization was presented. The essential thought is to bunch species with comparable attributes together into families, and to bunch the families into more extensive groupings. To this end, the ordered classifications where formulated, and they make the ordered progression. The chain of command goes (with a model): *Categories Example Realm Animalia Phylum (Plural = Phyla) Cordata *In plants, this classification is regularly called a division* Class Mammalia Request Carnivora Family Canidae Sort Canis Species Lupus (the Wolf) * Kim Puts Candy Out For Good Students* Each specie is in just a single variety. Thus, every variety is in just one family,

Looking Forward and Backward

Looking Forward and Backward As I write this on the final day of the year, I cannot help but think back at how much my life has changed in just twelve months. It has, by far, been the most exciting year of my life to say the least. Last year, I sat with my mom in my house, watching the ball drop on my television, sweating because there is not winter in Southwest Florida. Now, I sit, bundled in three layers of pajamas resembling a plaid-colored icicle, on the fourth floor of next house, overlooking the frozen Charles River, viewing a skyline of a city I call genuinely like calling home. In a quick recap of what I consider the highlight reel, here are the ten moments that I probably will never forget that happened in the unique year of 2017: 1. Getting into MIT. I will never forget when I refreshed the page, and the page changed from the normal message to one that read something along the lines of, “The decisions are ready.” My heart skipped a beat, and my mom was in the kitchen. We were talking when I saw that it changed, and I stopped and read the first line. I started screaming on the top of my lungs that I was in! 2. Arriving at CPW and getting escorted to the second floor of the student center, where I saw Petey. I remember staring at him from my seat and thinking, “Whoah, the guy from the blogs and College Confidential is real, and he’s bald!” Now he is my boss and will be reading this. 3. Spending the last moments up to the AP Statistics exam whipping and dabbing to imaginary music, mind you in-sync with one another, with my two closest friends, Ruth and Gina. 4. Saying goodbye to my mom and sister after driving up the whole eastern United States and realizing, standing in my room on the sixth floor of Maseeh, “Oh Crap, I’m alone now. Now what?” 5. Being told that I actually didn’t exist. Apparently, after a few weeks of Interphase EDGE, a decent amount of people did not think I was a student in the program, and I was used as a fictional character in one of the communications sections. I was told later that day by my roommate that I didn’t actually exist. Definitely a first in my life! 6. Getting chosen as a blogger! This was definitely a cool one. I was on a Six Flags trip with my Interphase EDGE group, and I had just gotten off the Superman ride. I was walking back to the pavilion to meet my other friends, and I got an email saying, “You got the gig!” It has proven to be a really fun job that I enjoy that I never would have imagined coming here I would have. 7. Shooting a bottle-rocket 200 feet in the air and somehow managing to not break all of the eggs that were stuffed in as payload. I did the Discover Aerospace pre-orientation program, and my group and I decided we would just put half of dozen eggs in a barely functioning rocket. Somehow, on launch day, the thing went flying up in the air, and we all stood in disbelief. Although some of our eggstronauts had to meet their maker, two, if I remember right, survived the flight. #TeamBulgaria 8. Having to run around a table in 8.02 to demonstrate understanding of magnetic fields produced by moving charges. Yeah, it was odd! I did not wake up that morning thinking I was going to be an electron today, but I was and survived to tell the tale of table 3’s ultra-powerful magnetic field. 9. Experiencing the true definition of zero friction on an iced over sidewalk, resulting in myself meeting the ground on a street corner in Kendall in front of a packed restaurant. It was even made better by the fact that during my ever so graceful fall to the ground, my wallet flew out of pocket closer to the restaurant, so I had to get even closer to my audience to retrieve it. 10. Walking over the Harvard Bridge in 2 degree temperatures with a real feel of -15 degrees. Just don’t do this one. Highly not recommended. The Qdoba on the other side made it worth it though. And with all that being said, I cannot wait to see what’s in store for next year. My whole life, I never really made a resolution for New Years. I always kind of brushed it off. However, this year, as I waited for my brownies to bake in the oven for my New Year’s party of one (campus is very empty and my mom just flew home from visiting for Christmas), I compiled a list of eight resolutions/goals that I have for the upcoming year that I am striving to complete: 1. Going to office hours. I didn’t go to office hours first semester, but I know that I will be in the upcoming one. Next semester I will be taking a lot of classes where all the material is completely new, and I want to start taking advantage of this resource when I need the help. 2. Get involved with the Cambridge/Boston community. There are a lot of afterschool programs at local high schools that I would like to help out in, and I am in the midst of contacting some for next semester. 3. Starting research in the Department of Physics. I really want to get into something Astrophysics related at the moment, and I am currently looking into finding a new UROP to work with in the coming semester and over the summer. 4. Get involved as a Teaching Assistant of some sort. In high school, I really loved tutoring and the idea of helping people learn, and I am currently on the hunt for a way that I can make myself useful in ways that I can be for people who are struggling. 5. Secure a position in a Global Teaching Lab for IAP 2019. I really want to see Europe and there are some Global Education Programs that head over there for 3-4 weeks in January. I have never been out of the United States before, so it would be something new. 6. Ride every MBTA Commuter Rail at least once to explore a new location that I have never been before. I want to see Gloucester and also take one into Providence, Rhode Island! 7. Get a picture with Tim the Beaver. I have yet to get a picture with Tim, and I’ve been on this campus for over six months now. It is not fair. I must find Tim. 8. Learn how to walk better on ice. Simple enough I hope. Post Tagged #8.02 Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism #Course 8 - Physics #FPOP #GTL (Global Teaching Labs) #Interphase EDGE #Pi Day

Life and Work of H.L. Mencken, Writer and Social Critic

H.L. Mencken was an American author and editor who rose to prominence in the 1920s. For a time, Mencken was considered one of the sharpest observers of American life and culture. His prose contained countless quotable phrases that worked their way into the national discourse. During his lifetime, the Baltimore native was often called The Sage of Baltimore. Often regarded as a wildly controversial figure, Mencken was known for expressing strident  opinions that were difficult to categorize. He commented on political issues in a syndicated newspaper column and exerted influence on modern literature through a popular magazine he co-edited, The American Mercury. Fast Facts: H.L. Mencken Known As: The Sage of BaltimoreOccupation: Writer, editorBorn: September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, MarylandEducation: Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (high school)Died: January 29, 1956 in Baltimore, MarylandFun Fact: Ernest Hemingway made mention of Menckens influence in his novel The Sun Also Rises, in which protagonist Jake Barnes reflects, So many young men get their likes and dislikes from Mencken. Early Life and Career Henry Louis Mencken was born September 12, 1880 in Baltimore, Maryland. His grandfather, who had emigrated from Germany in the 1840s, prospered in the tobacco business. Menckens father, August, was also in the tobacco business, and young Henry grew up in a comfortable middle class home. As a child, Mencken was sent to a private school operated by a German professor. As a teen he moved on to a public high school, the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated at the age of 16. His education was focused on science and mechanics, subjects that would prepare him for a career in manufacturing, Yet Mencken was far more fascinated by writing and the study of literature. He credited his love of writing to his childhood discovery of Mark Twain, and especially Twains classic novel,  Huckleberry Finn. Mencken grew into an avid reader and aspired to be a writer. His father, however, had other ideas. He wanted his son to follow him into the tobacco business, and for a few years, Mencken worked for his father. However, when Mencken was 18, his father died, and he took it as a chance to follow his ambition. He presented himself at the office of a local newspaper, The Herald, and asked for a job. He was turned down at first, but persisted and eventually landed a job writing for the paper. An energetic and quick learner, Mencken quickly rose to be the Heralds city editor and ultimately the editor. Journalism Career In 1906, Mencken moved to the Baltimore Sun, which became his professional home for most of the rest of his life. At the Sun, he was offered the chance to write his own column, titled The Freelance. As a columnist, Mencken developed a style in which he attacked what he perceived as ignorance and bombast. Much of his writing targeted what he considered mediocrity in politics and culture, often delivering cutting satire in carefully crafted essays. Mencken blasted those he considered hypocrites, which often included sanctimonious religious figures and politicians. As his scathing prose appeared in magazines nationwide, he attracted a following of readers who saw him as an honest appraiser of American society. When World War I broke out, Mencken, who was very proud of his German roots and skeptical of the British, seemed to be on the wrong side of mainstream American opinion. He was somewhat sidelined during controversies about his loyalty, especially after the United States entered the war, but his career rebounded in the 1920s. Fame and Controversy In the summer of 1925, when a Tennessee schoolteacher, John Scopes, was put on trial for teaching about the theory of evolution, Mencken traveled to Dayton, Tennessee to cover his trial. His dispatches were syndicated to newspapers around the country. The noted orator and political figure William Jennings Bryan had been brought in as a special prosecutor for the case. Mencken gleefully mocked him and his fundamentalist followers. Menckens reporting on the Scopes Trial was widely read, and citizens of the Tennessee town hosting the trial were outraged. On July 17, 1925, the New York Times published a  dispatch from Dayton  topped with the following stacked headlines: Mencken Epithets Rouse Daytons Ire, Citizens Resent Being Called Babbitts, Morons, Peasants, Hill-Billies, and Yokels, and Talk of Beating Him Up. Shortly after the conclusion of the trial, William Jennings Bryan died. Mencken, who had reviled Bryan in life, wrote a brutally shocking appraisal of him. In the essay, titled In Memoriam: W.J.B., Mencken attacked the recently departed Bryan without mercy, dismantling Bryans reputation in classic Mencken style: If the fellow was sincere, then so was P. T. Barnum. The word is disgraced and degraded by such uses. He was, in fact, a charlatan, a mountebank, a zany without sense or dignity. Menckens skewering of Bryan seemed to define his role in the America of the Roaring Twenties. Savage opinions written in elegant prose brought him fans, and his rebellion against what he saw as Puritanical ignorance inspired readers. The American Mercury While writing his syndicated newspaper column, Mencken held a second and equally demanding job as a co-editor, with his friend George Jean Nathan, of the literary magazine The American Mercury. The magazine published short fiction as well as journalism, and generally featured articles and pieces of criticism by Mencken. The magazine became known for publishing the work of major American writers of the era, including  William Faulkner,  F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, and  W.E.B. Du Bois. In 1925, an issue of The American Mercury was banned in Boston when a short story in it was deemed to be immoral. Mencken traveled to Boston and personally sold a copy of the issue to one of the censors so he could be arrested (as a crowd of college students cheered him on). He was acquitted and widely praised for his defense of freedom of the press. Mencken resigned from the editorship of the American Mercury in 1933, at a time when his political views were seen as getting more conservative and out of touch with progressive readers. Mencken expressed open contempt for  President Franklin D. Roosevelt  and endlessly mocked and condemned the programs of the  New Deal. The eloquent rebel of the 1920s had turned into a grumpy reactionary as the country suffered during the Great Depression. The American Language Mencken had always been deeply interested in the development of language, and in 1919 had published a book, The American Language, which documented how words came into use by Americans. In the 1930s, Mencken returned to his work documenting language. He encouraged readers to send him examples of words in various regions of the country, and busied himself with that research. A greatly enlarged fourth edition of  The American Language  was published in 1936. He later updated the work with supplements published as separate volumes. Menckens research on how Americans changed and used the English language is dated by now, of course, but it is still informative and often very entertaining. Memoirs and Legacy Mencken had been friendly with Harold Ross, the editor of The New Yorker, and Ross, in the 1930s, encouraged Mencken to write autobiographical essays for the magazine. In a series of articles, Mencken wrote about his childhood in Baltimore, his raucous years as a young journalist, and his adult career as an editor and columnist. The articles were eventually published as a series of three books,  Happy Days,  Newspaper Days, and  Heathen Days. In 1948 Mencken, keeping to his long tradition, covered both major party political conventions and wrote syndicated dispatches about what he had seen. Late that year he suffered a stroke from which he only partly recovered. He had difficulty speaking, and his ability to read and write had been lost. He lived quietly in his house in Baltimore, visited by friends, including William Manchester, who would write the first major biography of Mencken. He died on January 29, 1956. Though he had been out of the public eye for years, his death was  reported as front-page news  by the New York Times. In the decades since his death, Menckens legacy has been widely debated. There is no doubt he was a writer of great talent, but his display of bigoted attitudes surely diminished his reputation. Sources Mencken, H. L. Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of American Literature, vol. 3, Gale, 2009, pp. 1112-1116. Gale Virtual Reference Library.  Berner, R. Thomas. Mencken, H. L. (1880–1956). St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 3, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 543-545.  Henry Louis Mencken. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 10, Gale, 2004, pp. 481-483.  Manchester, William.  The Life and Riotous Times of H.L. Mencken. Rosetta Books, 2013.Mencken, H. L., and Alistair Cooke.  The Vintage Mencken. Vintage, 1990.

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Manolo Blahnik Free Essays

Manolo Blahnik has been designing shoes since 1971 and has received many prestigious awards, including three special awards from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, and the British Council’s ‘Accessory Designer of the Year’ in 1990 and 1999. Despite having had no formal training, he’s done it all: backless, heel-less, wedges, stilettos, and kittens, even platforms. Now he is one of the very few brand names that have become a synonym for the product — Hoover, Kleenex, Band-Aid, Post-it and †¦ Manolo. We will write a custom essay sample on Manolo Blahnik or any similar topic only for you Order Now He studied literature and architecture at the University of Geneva, and art at L’Ecole des Beaux-Arts and L’Ecole du Louvre in Paris. Originally, he wanted to be a set designer and took a portfolio of drawings to New York in 1971 in the hope of finding work there. Paloma Picasso, a friend from Paris, arranged for him to meet Diana Vreeland, the editor of US Vogue. When she looked at his drawings, Vreeland exclaimed: â€Å"How amusing. Amusing. You can do accessories very well. Why don’t you do that? Go make shoes. Your shoes in these drawings are so amusing. † By the late 1990s when the fashion writer and historian Colin McDowell observed Blahnik at work, he had been in command of his craft for years. The result is the book titled simply â€Å"Manolo Blahnik†. The process of creating a Manolo Blahnik shoe begins with Manolo sketching it at home in Bath, his London office or one of his northern Italian factories with a Tombo Japanese brush pen in three minutes of â€Å"firm, assured hand movements followed by precise, sharp little jabs as the details are fitted in†. â€Å"I’ve been studying the art of the shoe†¦ for over twenty years†, says Blahnik. â€Å"I know every process. I know how to cut and cut away here (the side of the shoe) and still make it so that it stays on the foot. And the secret of toe cleavage, a very important part of the sexuality of the shoe. You must only show the first two cracks. And the heel. Even if it’s twelve centimeters high it still has to feel secure – and that’s a question of balance. † Blahnik drawings exhibit the design skill and craftsmanship that footwear design demands. His design process begins with color-rich sketches that are so finely executed they are as sought-after as the shoes themselves. Some reflect nature, mostly recurring botanical themes while others are more dramatic and others still verging on the fetishistic. Some are so fragile-looking it’s impossible to imagine them withstanding the challenge of being worn; these shoes are the kind that insist you take taxis. Consider Carrie’s unforgettable one liner in Sex and the City, when she was robbed in the street: â€Å"Please sir. You can take my Fendi baguette, you can take my ring and my watch, but don’t take my Manolos Blahniks,† she pleaded. Pathos aside, the scene is testament to the gravitas attributed to Mr. Blahnik’s shoes. ‘Exquisite design sketches †¦ Blahnik’s richly colored drawings are often exuberantly exaggerated – hyper-arched with impossibly thin heels – which add to the sense of magic that imbues his designs †¦ Presented here on a grand scale †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢? – Metro In an interview with aRude magazine, in November last year, Blahnik talks about the technical details involved in his creative process: In relation to your shoe-drawings, are your lines more Ingres, Matisse, Picasso or Aubrey Beardsley? ? Oh, I would love to even come close to one of those geniuses. How can I compare myself to them? Sometimes I can spontaneously get immersed in Ingres and the divine purity of his brushstrokes. Matisse and Picasso always visit my mind as well. What medium do you typically draw in and why? ?I usually draw in China ink. I love the consistence and feel of the liquid. What other mediums did you experiment drawing with before arriving at your present favorite? ?I experimented with acrylic and oil paints in the 70s. Later I tried watercolors until I arrived at the ink. I have always also used the Staedtler pencils to sketch. I still use them. 3H Staedtler is my favorite. Do you prefer, in your drawing, sharp or broad lines, or a combination of both and what kind of paper do you use? ?The lines depend on the kind of paper I use. I usually use Cartridge paper. When do you employ colors and what essential role do they play in the overall harmony of your drawings? Colors play a huge role in my design process. By nature I am always inspired by very bright Mediterranean colors. I grew up with nature and flowers and beautiful landscapes, so that is always conveyed through my shoes. In 2003, Manolo Blahnik Drawings, co-authored by Anna Wintour was published. Contained within it, the book lays out his designs as brightly colored whimsies, sketches that deftl y convey the essences of his creations. As designs, the shoes are salacious cartoons of themselves, curvy and heeled, bejeweled and shimmery. Celeb quotes, interspersed throughout, heighten the spiraling sense of posturing and play. Madonna says, they are as good as sex†¦ and they last longer. His sketches are executed with exuberance and deftness that they have become as sought after as the shoes themselves. Inimitable in style, the drawings vividly convey Blahnik’s unique vision. References: www. manoloblahnik. com Wintour, A. Roberts, M. (2003). Manolo Blahnik Drawings. New York: Thames Hudson Mcdowell, C. (2000). Manolo Blahnik. U. K. : HarperCollins Ude, I. (2010, Nov. ) Manolo Blahnik’s gem-like miracles. aRude magazine. Retrieved Nov 29, 2011 from http://www. arudemag. com/in-his-shoes/ How to cite Manolo Blahnik, Essay examples

The Lord Of the Flies Essay Example

The Lord Of the Flies Paper What are boys like? This is a question often asked by various people. How do they behave both individually and in a group situation, particularly a dangerous and unfamiliar one like this? Are they different to adults. What would happen if, during a full-scale nuclear war, a group of boys, of contrasting characters, were given the chance of a new start a new Eden? Would they behave any differently? Is conflict inevitable? The Lord Of the Flies was set in a period where the tensions between the USSR (United Soviet States of Russia) and the USA (United States of America) were at their height and this book attempts to answer all of these questions, but are the answers presented accurate, and if so, how far? The reader quickly becomes aware of the range of personalities on the island Ralph immediately is portrayed as a leading figure as he seems to command Piggy, sucks to your ass-mar, although it could be seen as a sign of frustration or a put-down, and surveys the situation that they a re in realistically: He must have flown off after he dropped us. He couldnt land here. Not in a plane with wheels When Ralph uses the conch to call the other boys he proves that he is taking charge. He proves that he is cool-headed and able to rationalise. Most boys, when left for a time without the restraints of the adult world, develop a hierarchy, or pecking order extremely quickly and when Jack appears, rivalry develops: I ought to be chief, said Jack with simple arrogance, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp. Here jack doesnt explicitly tell them that his future plans are to create a dictatorship, it is more a case announcing his leadership qualifications. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord Of the Flies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord Of the Flies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lord Of the Flies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jack wants a tribe where everyone worships him and obeys his orders, like the chapel choir. If boys were left in a situation like this, where a gang of youths were forced to be with other boys, then they would assume that the others would follow their example. As Jack is the leader of this gang then he assumes that he will lead the other boys. Ralph tells the boys of how they will be rescued soon if they build a fire and therefore the boys follow him as he is saying what they want to hear. Initially the boys behave well when they are placed outside the controls and restrictions of the adult world with no adult authority. Piggy is the first to attempt to sustain a civilised society, as he tries to imply the rules and laws of the adult society into the boys society. One instance is when he suggests writing down the names of the boys. In a group of boys, especially such a cross-section as Golding presents, there is always a realistic member who is determined to create the perfect society. Piggy is this member as on numerous occasions he tries to prevent the boys from descending into savagery, which will be rooted in the text later. This works initially, mainly because of the nature of their meeting, as this is, in effect, a disaster. After a major incident, boys seem to look to their leaders for encouragement and the message from Ralph is to create an ordered society. The reason for Ralph following this path is because his father was in the Royal Navy and therefore has had to mature quickly as he has probably not had a father figure and therefore is a great deal wiser than his years suggest. Ralph also offers the prospect of rescue. In fact he promises rescue, he tells the boys what they probably want to hear and therefore they follow him. The solution to the rivalry between Ralph and Jack is to split the tribe of boys into two groups, the hunters and the non-hunters. This works initially as the dictator can never accept that people are better, or even equal to him and this allow Jack to follow his own ambitions. A famous expression demonstrates this aspect of political reality: You can please some of the people all of the time, and you can please all of the people some of the time; but you cant please all of the people all off the time. Ralph is the only rival to Jack and his first impression of Ralph is one of dislike: What he saw did not please him. They are very different characters and they symbolise the two futures for the tribe. The black cloak, his tall thin and bony structure is complimented by his red hair and black cap, giving Jack the overall impression of a dictator. This bears a slightly ghostly, spectral appearance, similar to the grim reaper! He orders his choir as if they were troops. Jacks primitive instincts are never far away, and they quickly become central to his concept of survival. These are to hunt and kill the pig, disregarding the rules of society. Like any group of boys, they think that rules are there to be broken. Ralph believes in democracy and is mature, elegant and a natural leader and whereas Jack wanted to be leader automatically, Ralph, the democrat, wanted an election. In any society, and it is not just true of boys, there is one leader who initially looks appealing because he says the right things, but as time progresses, he becomes less appealing as he is too sensible and doesnt allow for fun. Golding claims here that there are always rivals in society and claims that leaders will order society to fit themselves, in Ralphs case democracy, in Jacks case a thirst for blood and this is true of all groups pf boy, there will be those who set out to exploit others for their own gain. At the end of the first chapter Golding presents Jacks as a bloodthirsty, primitive boy as he throws his knife into a tree to establish order. In any society, there are people that are feared, as they appear to be violent people. Golding shows that Jack is a leader with this statement to prove that he is a leader and that he will not be contradicted by anyone. Golding also shows what kind of a leader he will be as Jack threatens or dares them to contradict, proving that he will be a leader by threats. In the second chapter, Golding uses many techniques to show the inevitable problems of organising a society that is made up of individuals. In the preliminary stages of the book, the boys operated in harmony to build up a fire and the conch filled the boys, especially the younger ones, with awe and wonder. Piggy suggests the building of a shelter and the Government; system is established by Ralph and encouraged by Jack. The problems develop, as with any group of boys, when Jack, Piggy and Ralph develop a different perspective on the uses of a democratic society Ralph wants to use the society to live fairly amongst one another, Jack wishes the rules to be used for control and punishment while Piggy, clearly the most intelligent of the tribe needs the rules to ensure survival of himself and the others. If we were to look at any group of boys, we would find that there would be similar characteristics to those shown by Golding. Golding emphasises that everyone is different in their ideas and that people get on well with each other while they have their own way: Even the smallest boys, unless fruit claimed them, brought little pieces of wood This demonstrates unison for their leaders ideas but they are also distracted by the fruit (their own intentions). Piggy cries for help in the, allegedly, as he would not be helped if this wasnt the case, I got the conch ou let me speak! . As in any society there is a mother figure. Ralph is the one with this calming presence upon the boys. The younger boys fear the beastie and it takes Ralphs best efforts to calm them. There is always a fear that young boys have, and it is usually an exaggerated if not made up fear and they need to be calmed down. Ralph is unlike Piggy, both physically and mentally, as he recognises that the younger boys are a vi tal part of the tribe and is not as pessimistic as Piggy is. The skills demonstrated by Ralph that prove that he is worthy of being a leader are that he has patience, for the young children, diplomacy, as he demonstrates when the issue of the snakes is raised, respecting public opinions, as he shows when he waits for the others to voice their opinions about the snake before voicing his own and he also demonstrates lateral thinking. Ralph has the support of the younger children and, for a short while, Jack. In most groups of boys there is a person like Ralph who is so practical that he is initially an idol, but he quickly descends into a memory of how life used to be when there is a leader whose main focus is having a good time. The older children, apart from Ralph, lose interest very quickly in the younger children. The little-uns spend much of their time being ill, homesick and generally being of little use to anyone. In any gathering of boys of such a wide variety, there will undoubtedly be tensions. The older boys want to socialise with those of their own age group and the younger boys have found that the fun has worn off from the initial thrill of being deserted on a desert island and are now pursuing their ultimate ambition, to enjoy themselves. This attitude frustrates the older boys as Roger and Maurice demonstrate: Roger and Maurice came out of the forest Roger led the way straight through the sandcastles, kicking them over, burying the flowers, scattering the chosen stones. Maurice followed, laughing, and added to the destruction The boys do show some hint that without adults, they would at least have a conscience, even if they fail to heed it: In his other life Maurice had received chastisement for filling a younger eye with sand. Now, though there was no parent to let fall al heavy hand, Maurice still felt the unease of wrong-doing. Golding tries to make the point in this chapter that humans, especially young humans, need something, no matter how improbable, to hold onto. The possibility of a ship visiting the boys is extremely unlikely after a nuclear war but Ralph can almost picture it and the boys have something to cling onto. Ralph almost fantasises about this event claiming that it would be his father who rescues them. This is a demonstration of how humans cope throughout horrendous situations providing that there is hope. The inevitable tension of having of having some non-corrupt boys in a group of corrupt boys sparked the sufficient violence within the boys to resort them to primitive forms of behaviour. The boys have just begun to destroy their world as the adults have destroyed theirs. The boys are solely to blame for the death of Simon as they descended very quickly into savages, they ignore Ralphs commands and go off to find fruit, rather than build the fire. It is possibly fear that motivates them to kill Simon, kindled by Jacks aggressive stance and Piggys constant fatalism. Jack initiates the lust for blood and the boys descend into savagery and so an accident of this nature is not altogether unlikely. The first indication of tension in chapter three is Jacks preoccupation with hunting, despite this particular talent being somewhat new to him. He hunts, not for food, but for his lust for blood. He approaches madness as he describes his obsession with the thrill of the chase, this causes tension between himself and Ralph as the fire remains lit. Ralph then, after realising how obsessed Jack is becoming about the pigs, orders him to build a shelter which is vital for their survival, unlike the pig meat. Jack has descended into savagery, Except for a tattered pair of shorts held up by his knife-belt he was naked. Jack is not prepared to kill at this stage but he lust for blood; From the pig-run came the quick, hard patter of hoofs, a castanet sound, seductive, maddening the promise of meat After this even Jack rushed out of the undergrowth and snatched up his spear. This points to the fact that he panicked instead of acting rationally and approaching stealthily. He quickly loses his temper after this escapade, possibly with himself. The boys become restless, despite Ralphs best efforts as the prospect of more work and no play becomes more and more unappealing. He is struggling to deal with boys who are unable to demonstrate responsibility or care for themselves. Ralph realises how mollycoddled the rest of the boys have been and how much they must mature if they are to survive. All of the boys are choosing the easy option and descending into savagery before Ralphs eyes. Despite claiming that the English are the best at everything, Jack displays a great deal of aggression, probably released by testosterone. The younger boys are showing naivety, as they dont seem to realise the implications of being trapped on a desert island with little chance of rescue. As the book progresses, the boys still obey notions of proper behaviour without any senior authority but without the authoritarian figure, the boys transgress from proper behaviour into savagery. Jack becomes the first to leave the protective boundaries of civilised society, as his successful hunts are, in effect, attempts to succumb to an animalistic nature. The other hunters also descend into savagery as the thrill of violence. Not only are they not content to kill the pig, they feel the urge to mutilate and maim the pig. The hunters are becoming like a separate tribe on the island as they develop their various ideals for life on the island. The conflict between the two sides is also shown as Piggy and Ralph become disgruntled and then furious that the hunters have let the fire die out, especially as it could have been the only chance of rescue that the boys had. Piggy then becomes a martyr as he is persecuted by many of the boys but his presence is vital to the survival of the boys, not only because of his spectacles, but also because of his level-headedness. Piggy seems to keep his schoolboy appearance as his hair remains relatively well kept and this is in stark contrast to the other boys who grow more dishevelled. Jacks lust for violence is shown when he punches Piggy as he has developed an increasingly violent nature as he has control of his hunters. Ralphs first mistake was to trust in human nature and hope that Jack would comply with his ideologies, a fatal mistake, almost literally. Democracy is completely shattered when the ship is sighted and the pig is killed. The ship reminds the boys of their civilised lives which they once belonged to whereas the killing of the pig is an example of their descent from civilised behaviour into savagery. Ralph and Piggy have a greater concern for returning to a civilised society while Jack and the hunters enjoy the downfall of civilisation and the descent into savagery. The little-uns show so signs of remorse at descending into savagery. It is my opinion that the story of The Lord Of The Flies would be slightly different than it is today. Depending on what type of people that were put in the situation of being alone, free from the restraints of the adult world, there would be small differences. The boys would probably split into two groups more quickly, as there are rivalries between boys whilst within the restraints of the adult world. There would be less violence because people are more aware of others; vegetarianism is a recent train of thought. Other than these minor changes due to society evolving over a period of time, Goldings portrayal of boys is remarkably realistic, if one was to think for a moment, one could probably think of people in real life who are eerily similar to the main characters from Lord Of The Flies. The view that is particularly disturbing is that the behaviour that is exhibited by the boys is common to all human beings, young or old.

Spitzer Says Greenberg Cheated Charity of $6 Billion Essay Example

Spitzer Says Greenberg Cheated Charity of $6 Billion Essay Example Spitzer Says Greenberg Cheated Charity of $6 Billion Essay Spitzer Says Greenberg Cheated Charity of $6 Billion Essay Dec. 14 (Bloomberg) New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer said Maurice Hank Greenberg and other former American International Group Inc. executives exploited their authority 35 years ago, costing a charity set up by AIGs founder $6 billion.In a letter alerting the charity today, Spitzer said Greenberg, ousted as AIGs chief executive officer amid an accounting probe by Spitzer earlier this year, shortchanged the Starr Foundation when he was an executor of AIG founder Cornelius Vander Starrs estate in 1969 and 1970. Greenberg and the other former executors called the allegations outrageous and indicative of a pattern of abuse by the attorney general.Spitzer, who said he found incriminating evidence in documents Greenberg tried to keep secret during the accounting investigation, may be stepping up pressure as the 80-year-old seeks to rebuild his legacy as leader of the worlds largest insurer for almost 40 years. New York-based AIG has restated $3.9 billion of earnings and pledged to cooperate with regulators. Greenberg has said the corrections were driven by fear.The case against AIG has been personalized because the company has rolled over and Hank hasnt, said Phillip Phan, a finance professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., who wrote Taking Back the Boardroom. Hank is a direct challenge to his attempt to clean up the industry.Spitzers letter, accompanied by a 26-page report on his investigation of the matter, said Greenberg and the other executors cheated the foundation by selling Vander Starrs assets at below-market prices to two private companies that they controlled. C.V. Starr ; Co. and Starr International Co., which still exist today, shared offices and executives with AIG, and in fact all the executors of Starrs were C.V. Starr directors.`Public Stink BombWere charitable assets of the foundation, as the residual beneficiary of the estate lost in a series of transactions orchestrated by the very fiduciaries obligated to protect the est ates interests? Spitzer wrote to Starr Foundation President Florence A. Davis, who used to be AIGs top lawyer.Greenberg and the other former executors called the latest allegations Spitzers attempt to justify his decision to pressure AIGs board, under threat of criminal indictment, to remove Greenberg as chairman and CEO. Spitzer, who accused AIG and Greenberg of fraud in a civil suit in May, announced he wouldnt pursue criminal charges against Greenberg last month.The attorney generals case against Hank Greenberg was disgraceful from the start, said billionaire Ken Langone, a co- defendant in Spitzers lawsuit against former New York Stock Exchange Chairman Richard Grasso. It now seems apparent that Mr. Spitzer is trying to shore up his sorry case and his flagging political reputation by lobbing what amounts to a public stink bomb.Court ApprovalGreenberg, Houghton Freeman, John Roberts and Ernest Stempel are the only executors still living today, according to C.V. Starr spokesman Ho ward Opinsky. Today they cited 25-year-old approvals from a former New York attorney general and the New York Surrogates Court inGreenberg, Houghton Freeman, John Roberts and Ernest Stempel are the only executors still living today, according to C.V. Starr spokesman Howard Opinsky. Today they cited 25-year-old approvals from a former New York attorney general and the New York Surrogates Court in defending the asset sales by Starrs estate. The executors had determined that they should get the approvals precisely because of their multiple roles.The conduct and attitude of the attorney general in his pursuit of these allegations reflects a pattern of abuse and bad faith adopted toward Mr. Greenberg from the beginning of the investigation of AIG, they said in more than 35 pages of written response to Spitzers allegations.Spitzer urged the foundation to appoint an independent committee to evaluate remedies, though Greenberg, who now runs C.V. Starr and Starr International as investment c ompanies, is also chairman of the charity.Negative PublicityOpinsky said the Starr Foundation issued a statement today defending the transactions, though calls to Courtney OMalley, a vice president at the foundation, and the firms main number werent returned.While the Starr Foundation respects the authority of the Attorney General to supervise charitable foundations, and to investigate alleged improprieties, the Foundation is concerned that allegations concerning a judicial proceeding closed more than 25 years ago and the negative publicity attendant thereto may adversely affect the value of the assets of the Foundation, without discernable purpose, according to an emailed statement that Opinsky said the foundation provided.Spitzers report contends the foundation, which has $3.5 billion in assets, would have accrued another $6 billion over the past 35 years had it not been underpaid in three separate estate transactions following Starrs death in 1968. To make matters worse, C.V. Sta rr and Starr International sold the same assets to AIG at far higher prices shortly thereafter, Spitzer said.AIG SharesIn one transaction, for example, Spitzer said the executors knew the estates 48 percent stake in American International Underwriters Far East Inc. was worth far more than book value because one of them was the president of Far East.The estate got cash that would be worth $17.6 million today, he said. Instead, it should have received AIG stock that would be worth $1.2 billion today.Spitzer, who oversees nonprofits and charitable foundations, said the foundation may have claim to AIG stock held by Starr International. The firm, which distributed deferred compensation to AIG executives for decades, is in a legal battle with AIG to keep control of more than $19 billion of the companys shares. AIG spokesman Chris Winans declined to comment.Spitzer said Greenberg and his lawyers misrepresented the transactions to the former attorney general and to the court. There is no s tatute of limitations if the foundation chooses to try to recover the money, Spitzer spokesman Marc Violette said, declining to say what action the attorney general might take.The Starr Foundation makes charitable grants in education, medicine and public policy.(Article appeared in bloomberg.com on Dec. 14th, 2005)http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006;sid=asSTBnA7L7gA;refer=home#Bloomberg Article AnalyisThis article, entitled Spitzer Says Greenberg Cheated Charity of $6 Billion (Update4) appeared on bloomberg.com on December 14, 2005.   In this article, it is discussed how New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer recently issued a letter to the Starr Foundation, a charity set up in conjunction with the American International Group, Inc.s (AIGs) founder Cornelius Vander Starrs estate, stating that Maurice Hank Greenberg and other former American International Group Inc. executives committed wrongful acts thirty-five years ago, resulting in a monetary loss to the charity in the amount of six   billion dollars.   Greenberg was AIGs former chief executive officer, and the executor of the estate, who was ousted from his CEO position amidst an accounting investigation.Namely, Spitzer alleges that these individuals sold shares of AIG stock owned by the charity in three separate transactions for far less than these stock shares were worth.   These shares were sold to C.V. Starr ; Co. and Starr International Co., who still exist today, share executives with AIG, and all of the directors of these companies were executors of Starrs estate.   These shares were sold by these corporations back to AIG at a much higher price shortly thereafter.As agents and fiduciaries of Starrs estate and the foundation, the executives had a duty to act in the best interest of them.   They also had a duty to reveal any conflicts of interest, and not to profit at the expense of the estate and foundation.  Ã‚   Furthermore, they were directors and officers of AIG, who made a profit for C.V. Starr ; Co. and Starr International Co. at the expense of AIG.   This was another conflict of interest at the expense of AIG shareholders.   As AIG insiders, the executors knew the actual value of the shares and chose to sell them at a lesser price to divert value from the charity to these other corporations.   Furthermore, the foundation may now have claim to some of the shares held by Starr International.   These executors are also agents and fiduciaries of Starr International, who may have ultimately harmed Starr Internationals well-being by their wrongful acts.

Chokepoints Definition and Explanation

Chokepoints Definition and Explanation There are approximately 200 straits (narrow bodies of water connecting two larger bodies of water) or canals around the world but only a handful are known as chokepoints. A chokepoint is a strategic strait or canal which could be closed or blocked to stop sea traffic (especially oil). This type of aggression could surely cause an international incident. For centuries, straits such as Gibraltar have been protected by international law as points through which all nations may pass. In 1982 the Law of Sea Conventions further protected the international access for nations to sail through straits and canals and even ensured that these passageways are available as aviation routes for all nations. Gibraltar This strait between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean has the United Kingdoms tiny Gibraltar Colony as well as Spain on the north and Morocco and a small Spanish colony on the south. United States warplanes were forced to fly over the strait (as protected by the 1982 conferences) when attacking Libya in 1986 since France would not allow the U.S. to pass through French airspace. Several times in our planets history, Gibraltar was blocked by geologic activity and water could not flow between the Mediterranean and Atlantic so the Mediterranean dried up. Layers of salt at the bottom of the sea attest to this having occurred. Panama Canal Completed in 1914, the 50-mile long Panama Canal links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, reducing the length of the journey between the east and west coasts of the United States by 8000 nautical miles. About 12,000 ships pass through the Central American canal each year. The United States retains control of the 10-mile wide Canal Zone until the year 2000 when the canal is turned over to the Panamanian government. Strait of Magellan Before the Panama Canal was completed, boats traveling between the U.S. coasts were forced to round the tip of South America. Many travelers risked disease and death by attempting to cross the dangerous isthmus in Central America and catch another boat to their destination to keep from sailing the extra 8000 miles. During the California Gold Rush in the mid-19th century there were many regular trips between the east coast and San Francisco. The Strait of Magellan lies just north of the southern tip of South America and is surrounded by Chile and Argentina. Strait of Malacca Located in the Indian Ocean, this strait is a shortcut for oil tankers traveling between the Middle East and the oil-dependent nations of the Pacific Rim (especially Japan). Tankers pass through this strait bordered by Indonesia and Malaysia. Bosporus and Dardanelles Bottlenecks between the Black Sea (Ukrainian ports) and the Mediterranean Sea, these chokepoints are surrounded by Turkey. The Turkish city of Istanbul is adjacent to the Bosporus in the northeast and the southeast strait is the Dardanelles. Suez Canal The 103 mile long Suez Canal is located entirely within Egypt and it is the only sea route between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. With Middle East tension, the Suez Canal is a prime target for many nations. The canal was completed in 1869 by French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps. The British took control of the canal and Egypt from 1882 until 1922. Egypt nationalized the canal in 1956. During the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel seized control of the Sinai Desert directly east of the canal but relinquished control in exchange for peace. Strait of Hormuz This chokepoint became a household term during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. The Strait of Hormuz is another critical point in the lifeline flow of oil from the Persian Gulf area. This strait is closely monitored by the U.S. military and its allies. The strait connects the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) and is surrounded by Iran, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. Bab el Mandeb Located between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, the Bab el Mandeb is a bottleneck for sea traffic between the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. It is surrounded by Yemen, Djibouti, and Eritrea.

Economic Issue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic Issue - Assignment Example In other words, as competition increases in the market, the cost of labor becomes of essence. Considering that the discriminatory employers would go for particular employees who necessarily do not guarantee the least cost of labor, the result is that their business is likely to have higher labor costs as compared to businesses of non-discriminatory employers. Eventually, labor discrimination will decline as business which discriminate find it hard to operate in a competitive market where cost of labor plays a critical role. Employer discrimination may still persist despite efforts to break down barriers and introduce competition for two main reasons. First, it is almost impractical to create perfectly competitive markets. This is based evidenced by the decade long continuity of labor market discrimination in high-income countries. As regards to developing counties, monopolistic power is quite of essence, which permits indulgence in market discrimination. Secondly, even though competition lives on in virtually all markets, it is not by itself a sufficient reason for the elimination of discrimination. Therefore, market discrimination in a competitive market will still exists as long as all the employers have a taste for

In-House Versus Outsourcing Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In-House Versus Outsourcing Approaches - Essay Example However, Kamarazaly (2007, p.4) argues that decisions on choosing between outsourcing and in-house should not be based solely on financial evaluation.Comparison of In-House and Outsourcing Approaches Nxt is involved in the business of delivering parcels and it consists of two companies with NXT Services specializing in non-secure items while Nxt Secure deals with secure items. Moreover, the organization sub-contracts other courier companies to deliver 75 percent of all items at a fixed charge. Upon delivery, courier companies have to give feedback to Nxt which in turn scans the feedback to the customer to confirm the delivery. Presently, the company is facing several hurdles in its operations which can be rectified innovation and implementation of modern information technology systems. Nxt currently relies on externally sourced PostCode Address File, hand signed documents upon delivery of items and the driver's information to know the exact place that they are. This has led to variou s problems such as delayed delivery of items, drivers diverting from the route thereby increasing the operational cost and the hand signatures delay the confirmation of delivery. As noted by Zizakovic (2004, p.1), there comes a time when the present process cannot continue for long and the available system starts to show some weakness signals the time for making a decision to build a new system, consequently, the organization has to decide whether to build it in-house or outsource. Nxt has come to this point; the organization has a project support office that can lead the way in building a new system or they can source from a third party. Nxt wants to implement a GPS system that will monitor and relay back information on the exact position of the vehicle in real time. The telemetry system allows the sharing of information and will relay to the hub data on stoppage of the vehicles, detect any problems in the route and thereby facilitate the making of decisions and also improve the se curity of the driver when traveling alone. Moreover, the company is also contemplating investing in PDAs which will help customers to electronically sign on receipt of items thereby dealing with the problem of delayed signatures which are used to monitor performance. PDAs if adopted will also help in identifying new markets and save time used in the delivery. Despite the great potential that implementation of these technologies will have in streamlining the operations of Nxt; the organizations face financial constraints and the fact that it has never been involved in the implementation of such a huge project.

Japanese Foreign Policy In The Prewar Era History Essay

Japanese Foreign Policy In The Prewar Era History Essay During the early 20th century, Japan was confronted with growing pressures on its already scarce resources that compelled its leaders to pursue increasingly militaristic solutions. In fact, during the first half of the 20th century, Japan engaged in a series of military adventures in Korea and China that were specifically designed to improve the availability and reliability of its supply chains for vital resources. In the 21st century, some scholars may question whether these same goals could not have been achieved through increased international trade rather than an expansionist policy. A close examination of the conditions in which these events occurred, though, shows that the proximate cause for these outcomes was the strategic naivetà © of the Japanese leadership based on its past successes combined with internal political rivalries. To determine the facts, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature concerning the causes of pre-war Japans policy of expansion, includ ing an analysis of the relative weight of various domestic and external factors to determine whether it would have been possible for pre-war Japanese leaders to pursue a pacifist trading-centered strategy that would become the defining characteristic of postwar Japanese foreign policy. A summary of the research and important findings are presented in the conclusion. Review and Analysis In many ways, the foreign policy decisions that led to Japans attack on Pearl Harbor were based on the opportunistic mindset that prevailed among the nations leadership that the nation would succeed in any military enterprise. This optimistic mindset was reinforced by several extraordinary events in the historical record that supported this view. According to Okazaki, Because the only two large-scale attempts at invasion of Japan in recorded Japanese history were both scattered by typhoons, the Japanese believe that they are a nation favored by God, and are optimistic about international affairs to a greater degree than any other nation (p. 5). This assertion is supported by Satos observation that, A nations foreign policy may directly or indirectly be affected by a variety of factors [including] weather conditions.  [1]  (p. 369). In addition, Japans favorable geographic proximity also reinforced a mindset among Japanese political leaders that the nation was naturally protected from outsiders. In this regard, Sato emphasizes that, A distinctive feature in the international environment surrounding modern Japan is its relative isolation from and peripheral position with reference to the worlds major powers.  [2]  The Japanese leadership interpreted the countrys relative isolation and its historic relationships with its larger neighbors as being sufficient grounds for a sense of national security. For instance, according to Okazaki, The historic background might explain this Japanese attitude towards national security. Certainly Japan was secure because China, the traditional superpower in East Asia, maintained restraint on foreign expeditions, including military ones, since the time that Japan entered international politics.  [3]  With the natural geographic advantage, Japan was accustomed to its success in international relations and wanted to achieve what the western countries have: Imperialism and Expansionism. This powerful combination of fortuitous weather-related events and geographic location instilled the idea that Japan was destined for greater things into Japanese foreign policymakers, a perception that was reinforced by the Bushido code and track record of military successes in the field. This type of outcome is congruent with Satos observation that national policymakers typically rely on their unique interpretation of these factors in formulating foreign policy.  [4]  For example, Sato advises that, Factors with the potential for exercising long-term influence on a nations foreign policy may be divided into three groups: the realities of the international environment and national power; the attitudes within the society toward the international environment; and the special characteristics of a nations foreign policy formulation process.  [5]  With the foreign policy formulating process already skewed to fulfill the goal to be a stronger and imperialistic country, Japan was a lmost destined to go towards the Empire route and begin its conquest for more resources and power. Furthermore, the international environment at that time was already a heavily imperialistic one as most of the countries in Asia were already in the state of colonization or something close to it. With these factors, the external and internal factors has heavily influence the long-term agenda for Japans foreign policy. More importantly for the formulation of pre-war Japanese foreign policy, this unique interpretation of world events and Japans destiny would have profound implications for choosing military solutions over diplomatic ones during the pre-war era.  [6]  After all, the historical record supported the expansionist view and Japans economic security was at stake. For instance, Sato emphasizes that, Aside from the confrontation between Japan and the Western powers over opening the doors of the country in the late Tokugawa period, the only instance of a direct threat to Japan s security occurred when Russia advanced into Manchuria and further increased its influence over Korea early in the twentieth century.  [7]  Saying Japan increased its influence over Korea early in the 20th century is like saying a drowning man has moist skin, though, and Japans formal annexation of its protectorate on the Korean peninsula in 1910 followed its victory in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.  [8]   In reality, Korea was the keystone to Japanese expansionist policies during the first half of the 20th century due in large part to its strategic location between Russia to the north and China to the west. In fact, Okazaki emphasizes that, In all the wars involving Japan prior to World War II, the key strategic territory was the Korean peninsula. Even thirty years after the Korean War, deployment of U.S. forces in East Asia is centered on the Peninsula.  [9]  In this regard, Japanese expansionist policies during this period in history were not unlike the lebensraum, or living space policies used by Germany prior to and throughout World War II to expand its geographic territory and access to valuable resources. For example, Barhart reports that, The roots of Japans aggressive, expansionist foreign policy have often been traced to its concern over acute economic vulnerability.  [10]   During the period immediately preceding the outbreak of World War II, a growing debate over the proper course of Japanese foreign policy drive toward national economic self-sufficiency was hampered by divisive internal and external policies.  [11]  Despite growing pressure from the international community in general and the United States in particular, Japans foreign policy was shaped as much by military leaders as civilian politicians. According to Barnhart, Japans internal political dynamics, especially the bitter rivalry between its army and navy, played a far greater role in propelling the nation into war with the United States than did its economic condition or even pressure from Washington.  [12]  The role of the military in shaping Japanese foreign policy pre-World War II is also cited by Snyder who advises, A belligerent, zero-sum approach to politics was deeply rooted in the Bushido code of the samurai and permeated traditional Japanese culture. Thus, the Pacific war was simply a Kurosawa epic in modern battle gear.  [13]   This seemingly plausible explanation, though, fails to take into account the role played by the political leadership during this formative period in Japanese history. By fixing the lions share of the responsibility for Japans expansionist policies strictly on the military, historians run the risk of overlooking the other salient forces that were at work in shaping pre-war Japanese foreign policy. In this regard, Snyder emphasizes that, The Bushido code obviously served as the legitimating ideology of a military ruling elite, not just a belief system. Moreover, it leaves unexplained huge variations in Japanese strategic thinking over time and across groups.  [14]  The contribution of Japanese political leaders in shaping pre-war foreign policy was highlighted by Pyle who describes the Meiji leaders as being tired of Japans economic backwardness and sense of inferiority to the West.  [15]  As a result, Japanese political leaders were amenable to reshaping their country in a mod ern image notwithstanding what these actions would have on Japanese culture. In this regard, Pyle emphasizes that the Japanese political leaders were thus ready and willing to sacrifice time-honored institutions to achieve their goals. The Meiji leaders adopted European legal codes, imported thousands of advisers, and built the most centralized state in Japanese history.  [16]  The Meiji leaders also fought wars with the dual goal of acquiring resources while doing so in an orderly and legal fashion that would establish Japan as an equal with Western nations.  [17]   Taken together, it is apparent that there were increasing internal rivalries between political and military factions that had distinctly different visions of what type of foreign policies Japan should pursue in furthering its expansionist goals. In sum, a combination of expansionist policies combined with modernization reforms domestically was used by foreign policymakers to lead Japan into the second half of the 20th century. For example, historians such as Barnhart emphasize that this approach was responsible for Japans military adventurism in the pre-World War II years. In this regard, Barnhart advises, From the commencement of the Meiji Restoration to the conclusion of the Pacific War, Japan pursued the status of a great power through expansion abroad and reform at home.  [18]  Likewise, Barnhart notes that Japans experiences with Germany in World War I confirmed the need for domestic reform combined with expansionist foreign policies that would help ensure the nations econom ic security in the future. According to Barhart, the nature of warfare itself had changed substantively during the early 20th century and the waging of total war meant that national security required a viable domestic infrastructure that could withstand this type of all-out warfare long enough for Japan to prevail. In this regard, Barnhart emphasizes that, Certain officers [in the Imperial Army] concluded that, for their Asian empire, the lessons of the European conflict were ominous. Future wars would be fought not only with guns but with the entire resources of nations, from engineers to doctors, from cotton to iron ore. Without these requisites of economic security, the mightiest army would be paralyzed.  [19]   Given Japans lack of natural resources, these issues were even more poignant during this formative period in foreign policymaking. Indeed, Barnhart points out that, Without a modern industrial base that could be mobilized in time of need, even these requisites would prove useless. A nation that could not supply all of its own needs in wartime, a nation that was vulnerable to economic pressure from other nations, would be neither truly secure nor truly sovereign.  [20]  A fresh and expensive war with China in 1937, though, made it virtually impossible for Japan to realize the complete goal of becoming economically self sufficient, and this conflict in particular served to further underscore Japans economic vulnerability.  [21]  This threat to Japanese national security was balanced by the aforementioned positive Bushido-based mindset among some leaders that supported straightforward military solutions for these complex domestic problems on the one hand with others that sought a more moderate path to achieving Japans goals of acquiring new resources and achieving economic security. Indeed, some authorities suggest that the expansionist policies used in the pre-World War II era were less important for some foreign policymakers than the domestic reforms that would be required to sustain any gains achieved on the battlefield. Many Japanese foreign policymakers, though, defined the nature of the political, economic and social reality that was faced by Japan during the pre-World War II years in ways that were supportive of expansionist views rather than a strictly pragmatic analysis of world events and Japans place among the international community that was based in reality.  [22]   Conclusion Taken together, the events that led Japan into World War II appear to be inexorable in nature, and given the divisiveness among foreign policymakers during this period, the outcome could not have been easily changed from an expansionist policy to a pacifist trading-centered strategy. In fact, the handwriting was on the wall and Japans expansionist approach to achieving its goal of economic security was well underway. The research showed, though, that Japans internal political problems, including the intense rivalries between military leaders, served to shape pre-World War II Japanese foreign policy in ways that would make it difficult to respond to economic pressures from the Western world in general and the United States in particular without resorting to military solutions. In the final analysis, it is reasonable to conclude that if the Japanese leadership of the early 20th century could have foreseen what pacifist trading opportunities can do for economic security, they would not have resorted to the expansionist approach that included the annexation of Korea, warring on China and the rest of Asia and attacking Pearl Harbor. These efforts were clearly influenced by a misguided application of traditional Bushido machismo that resulted in Japan being leveled and rebuilt in the pacifist trading model anyway.

Christian Leadership to Change the World

Christian leadership in my opinion is operating in and by Christ. We must be his hands and his feet with precepts. In order to lead and present change God must be in us and its evident must be known. Matthew 5: 13 -16 clearly proclaims the significance of our existence and Gods requirement of every believer. 2 Timothy 2:15 expresses the need for every believer to be approved by the Lord first and then going forth to preach the word throughout to Gods people. Leadership is the duty of the person who is in charge to take charge with courage and character while risking leading the people where they need to go. In doing this Christian leaders will need vision, opportunities, and needs. Then you will have to motivate others to get it done by providing resources, using their talents, and having them contribute their time, however we should be pragmatic of timing. As leaders we must understand the value of forgiveness, redemption and restoration and how essential they are to producing change in society or the world. Also identity and integrity are paramount as well in effective Christian leadership. This will equip us for the non believers who have a desire to come into the kingdom as well as the believers. To be effective Christian leaders we must seriously take our lead from scriptural principles and not from popular trends. We must maintain our focus on what the scripture says in spite of situations and circumstances. 2 Timothy1:7 reads â€Å"God has not given us the spirit of fear but of power and of love†¦Ã¢â‚¬ when we fully recognize that God has given us the power and authority to create change it will then allow us to progress and elevate greatly towards change in society. Furthermore Proverbs 4 and 5 specifies the importance of gaining knowledge and wisdom from the Lord and Proverbs 3: 5 instructs us to trust God in all things so he can direct our path. We must as leaders become selfless and allow the Lord to speak to us so we can get to the people and back in front of society providing the church a forum to determine the direction of society. Christian leadership recognizes that the achievement of the vision is a contribution towards the coming and building of Gods kingdom and understands that where God rules it will then govern the behavior of the world. As Christian leaders we are to remain as a relevant influence providing Gods unchanging and everlasting word to an ever changing society. As the world continues to change the impetus for Christian leadership remains the same. Yet we must also acquire new leadership techniques as both the church and the world changes. SUBMITTED BY: RENEE D. SOBERS

Health Communication And Health Information Technology

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How has health information technology changed in the last 30 years? Health information technology (health IT) involves the exchange of health information in an electronic environment. It provides the umbrella framework that describes the comprehensive management of health information across computerized systems and the secure exchange of information between consumers, providers, government quality entities, and insurers. It has been one of the main and most significant changes to healthcare over the past thirty years. It is generally agreed that theShow MoreRelatedHealth Information And Communication Technologies Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe two health information and communication technologies (HICTs) and how they aid nurses in supporting safe, quality care, facilitating continuity of care and care coordination, and partnering with patients and families to increase participation in health care. 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Big Brother Is Watching You - 2232 Words

Big Brother â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† (Orwell 2). Orwell’s simple phrase in his novel, 1984, has become the backbone of modern-day conspiracy theorists’ discussions. While Orwell may have been writing this novel for cautionary purposes, he is far closer to reality than he might have thought with his prophesies of the future and what would come of the government. Surveillance is one of many topics that Orwell’s 1984 incorporates into its fictional tale of a robotic society held under the strong grasp of a totalitarian government. Orwell wrote the novel in 1949 prophesizing the future that he saw down the road in 1984. The totalitarian state of government control monitors and supervises all that happens in Oceania. Oceania is Orwell’s imaginary state of the future that he uses to depict what he sees the world turning out to be. The Party, a representation of future governing bodies, controls all that happens in Oceania. Orwell references the dictatorial figure of the Party as Big Brother. Winston Smith, Orwell’s slightly less than middle-aged protagonist, is a normal man in Oceania’s society until he begins to write down his rebellious thoughts in a diary of sorts. He has always secretly hated the Party but has not made it public until his creation of the diary. The creation of said diary in and of itself is a thoughtcrime that Winston knows he will end up dying for when his crimes are discovered by the Thought Police. Winston adores the proles, which are at the bottom ofShow MoreRelatedBig Brother Is Watching You1106 Words   |  5 Pages AP US Government Mrs. Bradshaw 25 August 2014 Big Brother is Watching You 1984 is a novel that takes place in a Totalitarian dystopia named Oceania. The story follows a member of this futuristic society named Winston Smith, who is strongly opposed to the omniscient and oppressive â€Å"Big Brother† who runs the country. 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